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French Navigators

The French Annexation of WA (1772)

 

In 1771, a young, ambitious naval officer and Breton noble commander, Yves-Joseph de Kerguelen-Trémarec, was given permission by the King of France, Louis XV, to undertake a voyage of exploration to the Southern Ocean with the aim of discovering the Terres Australes. His second-in-command was fellow Breton Louis François Marie Aleno de Saint Aloüarn.

 

Two ships, the Fortune and Gros Ventre quietly departed France on 1st May 1771. Upon sighting an island thousands of kilometres from Australia, de Kerguelen-Trémarec decided he had hit the jackpot.

 

Bad weather and poor rigging led de Kerguelen and de Saint Aloüarn's ships to become separated off Kerguelen Island in February 1772. De Kerguelen turned back to Mauritius, thinking he had discovered Gonneville‘s "Terre Australe". After arriving back in France he confidently claimed to have found the "Terre Australe". If you pick up an atlas today, you will find a forgotten island in the middle of the southern Indian Ocean, called Kerguelen Island.

Le Gros Ventre

Source www.delcampe.net

Louis de Saint-Aloüarn, who was in command of the Gros Ventre and second in command of this expedition, continued to sail east to make his formal "Claim of Possession". Not knowing the fate of the Fortune, he arrived off Flinders Bay, south of Cape Leeuwin on 17th March 1772.

Bypassing the Swan River, he continued sailing further north keeping close to the coast conscientiously correcting charts that he had been given, preparing the way for later French expeditions.

 

On the evening of 29th March 1772, the ship entered Shark Bay and anchored in Turtle Bay (on Dirk Hartog Island's northern tip). The following day, de Saint Aloüarn sent the ship's boat (pinnace) ashore with officer Mengaud de la Hage, the boat's crew and five soldiers to explore the land and claim possession. After walking about three lieues (12km) inland, finding little evidence of human occupation, they returned to the coast and took possession of the land.

 

The annexation was commemorated by raising a flag, firing a volley of rifle shots and reading a prepared document written in the usual terms in such circumstances. It was then inserted into a bottle which was buried at the foot of a small tree. They placed deux écus de six francs (two six franc coins) near it.

On 8th April, the Gros Ventre left Shark Bay and headed for Timor arriving on 3rd May 1772, with many of the crew sick.

 

Early September the Gros Ventre finally arrived back in Mauritius, but de Saint Aloüarn was ill fast and died on 27th October 1772 in Port Louis, Ile de France (Mauritius). Saint-Aloüarn never had the opportunity to articulate his journey and his expedition‘s results were not properly followed up.

In January 1998, an expedition led by M. Philippe Godard and including members of the Batavia Coast Maritime Heritage Group from Geraldton, discovered a French écu bearing the head of King Louis XV and dated 1766 at a site on the cliff top overlooking Turtle Bay. The silver coin, which was encased in a lead capsule, is believed to be associated with de Saint Aloüarn's expedition. An evaluation by the WA Museum of both the artefact and the site concluded that it was a genuine find.

 

The site was considered to be at risk from natural erosion but more significantly from further uncontrolled explorations. This was a risk exacerbated by the broad media coverage that accompanied the discovery of the coin. In collaboration with the Centre for Archaeology at the University of WA, the WA Museum fielded an archaeological expedition to the site in March - April 1998. The project had the broad aims of assessing and recording the site and exploring undefined locations along the ridge above Turtle Bay.

 

The expedition uncovered a French wine bottle, sealed with lead encapsulating another French écu dated 1767. It was clear that this find and the Godard coin were part of the de Saint Aloüarn annexation assemblage. Unfortunately, the parchment annexation document was not found inside the bottle.

Deux écus de six francs (two six franc coins)

The bottle

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Welcome to our WA French Explorations' section. We have collected information from Wikipedia and Dorothy Reid thesis (available here). We are not experts, neither historians, only some French people leaving in Perth and interested in WA history in relation to France. 

We have broken down the French exporators in WA facinating story into the following chapters:

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